I Am That

Talks with Sri Nisargadatta Maharaj

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4.42/5 (6,920 ratings)
Pages: 550
Release Date: January 1, 1973
ISBN: 9780893860226

I Am That is a collection of conversations between the Indian sage Nisargadatta Maharaj and seekers who came to him for spiritual guidance. Compiled and translated by Maurice Frydman, the book presents Maharaj’s direct teachings on Advaita (non-duality) — the understanding that our true nature is pure consciousness, beyond body and mind.

Through simple yet profound dialogue, Maharaj points seekers toward the realization of the Self, emphasizing self-inquiry and awareness of the sense “I am.” The book is celebrated for its clarity, depth, and uncompromising insight into the nature of existence and liberation.

About Nisargadatta Maharaj

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Nisargadatta Maharaj (1897-1981) was an influential Indian spiritual teacher and a revered proponent of the non-dualistic philosophy known as Advaita Vedanta. Born Maruti Shivrampant Kambli on April 17, 1897, in the village of Kandivali near Mumbai, India, he grew up in a modest family. His early life was marked by simplicity and hard work. After his father’s death, young Maruti moved to Mumbai in search of better opportunities and eventually became a small shopkeeper, selling beedis (hand-rolled cigarettes).

Despite his humble beginnings, Nisargadatta’s spiritual journey began to unfold in a profound way. In 1933, he met his guru, Siddharameshwar Maharaj, who belonged to the Navnath Sampradaya, a lineage of Hindu monks. Siddharameshwar Maharaj initiated him into the practice of self-inquiry and meditation, instructing him to focus on the sense of “I Am” as a means to realize his true nature. Following his guru’s teachings with unwavering dedication, Maruti experienced a profound spiritual awakening.

After his enlightenment, he adopted the name Nisargadatta Maharaj and began to share his insights with others. Nisargadatta’s teachings are rooted in the Advaita Vedanta tradition, which posits that there is no fundamental distinction between the self and the ultimate reality (Brahman). His approach to spirituality was direct and uncompromising, often urging his students to look beyond the superficial layers of identity and ego to discover the true nature of their being.

Nisargadatta’s most notable work, I Am That: Talks with Sri Nisargadatta Maharaj, is a compilation of dialogues between him and his visitors, who came from all over the world seeking wisdom and guidance. These talks, recorded and transcribed by his disciples, capture the essence of his teachings, which emphasize self-inquiry, the impermanence of the physical body, and the realization of one’s true self beyond the mind and senses.

Despite gaining a significant following, Nisargadatta Maharaj remained a humble and accessible teacher. He continued to live in his small apartment in the Khetwadi area of Mumbai, where he held daily satsangs (spiritual gatherings) until his passing on September 8, 1981. His legacy endures through his teachings, which continue to inspire spiritual seekers worldwide.

Nisargadatta Maharaj’s life and teachings exemplify the transformative power of self-realization and the pursuit of spiritual truth. His direct and powerful message encourages individuals to transcend their limited perceptions and realize the boundless, eternal nature of their own consciousness.

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Summary

I Am That is a spiritual classic presenting the teachings of Sri Nisargadatta Maharaj, a modern Indian sage of the non-dualistic Advaita Vedanta tradition. The book is structured as a series of dialogues between Maharaj and visitors, exploring the nature of reality, consciousness, and the self.

Maharaj’s core message is simple yet profound: you are not the body or the mind, but the pure awareness — the “I Am” — that perceives all experience. By remaining focused on this sense of being and letting go of identification with thoughts and emotions, one can realize their true, infinite nature beyond birth and death.

Throughout the book, Maharaj dismisses intellectual speculation and insists on direct self-inquiry and inner observation as the path to liberation. His teaching style is uncompromising, practical, and rooted in personal experience, offering timeless guidance for anyone seeking truth beyond religious or philosophical systems.

In essence, I Am That is a guide to self-realization, pointing readers toward the discovery of their own unchanging consciousness — the ultimate reality behind all appearances.

Key Insights

Understanding the True Self

Nisargadatta Maharaj emphasizes the importance of realizing the true nature of the self, which is beyond the ego and the physical body. He teaches that the true self is both everything and nothing, bridging the gap between the experience of unity with all and the recognition of the void that underlies existence.

Importance of Self-Awareness

Maharaj stresses that true happiness and bliss come from self-awareness and living in the present moment. He advises that focusing on one’s own being, rather than on external distractions or illusions, leads to a state of natural, effortless bliss.

The Power of Attention

He underscores the significance of deep attention and mindfulness. By dedicating full awareness and love to any pursuit, whether it is knowing, doing, discovering, or creating, one unlocks deeper understanding and spiritual insights, leading to profound personal growth.

Illusory Nature of the Mind

Nisargadatta teaches that the mind constructs barriers that obscure the true self. He advises using one’s energy to break down these mental constructs, which are often illusions, to achieve spiritual freedom and enlightenment.

Practice of Self-Inquiry

A fundamental aspect of Nisargadatta’s teaching is the practice of self-inquiry. By observing the mind and understanding the role of the observer, individuals can discern the true self, which is the unchanging witness behind all experiences. This practice leads to deeper self-realization and enlightenment.

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Quotes from the Book

There is no such thing as a person. There are only restrictions and limitations. The sum total of these defines the person. You think you know yourself when you know what you are. But you never know who you are. The person merely appears to be, like the space within the pot appears to have the shape and volume and smell of the pot. See that you are not what you believe yourself to be. Fight with all the strength at your disposal against the idea that you are nameable and describable. You are not. Refuse to think of yourself in terms of this or that. There is no other way out of misery, which you have created for yourself through blind acceptance without investigation. Suffering is a call for enquiry, all pain needs investigation. Don’t be too lazy to think.

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— Nisargadatta Maharaj

Save all your energies and time for breaking the wall your mind has built around you.

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— Nisargadatta Maharaj

Whatever happens, happens to you by you, through you; you are the creator, enjoyer and destroyer of all you perceive.

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— Nisargadatta Maharaj

In reality there is only consciousness. All life is conscious, all consciousness alive.

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— Nisargadatta Maharaj

Meditation will help you to find your bonds, loosen them, untie them, and cast your moorings. When you are no longer attached to anything, you have done your share. The rest will be done for you.

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— Nisargadatta Maharaj

I find that somehow, by shifting the focus of attention, I become the very thing I look at, and experience the kind of consciousness it has; I become the inner witness of the thing. I call this capacity of entering other focal points of consciousness, love; you may give it any name you like. Love says “I am everything”. Wisdom says “I am nothing”. Between the two, my life flows. Since at any point of time and space I can be both the subject and the object of experience, I express it by saying that I am both, and neither, and beyond both

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— Nisargadatta Maharaj

Your expectation of something unique and dramatic, of some wonderful explosion, is merely hindering and delaying your Self Realization. You are not to expect an explosion, for the explosion has already happened – at the moment when you were born, when you realized yourself as Being-Knowing-Feeling. There is only one mistake you are making: you take the inner for the outer and the outer for the inner. What is in you, you take to be outside you and what is outside, you take to be in you. The mind and feelings are external, but you take them to be intimate. You believe the world to be objective, while it is entirely a projection of your psyche. That is the basic confusion and no new explosion will set it right! You have to think yourself out of it. There is no other way.

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— Nisargadatta Maharaj

To expound and propogate concepts is simple, to drop all concepts is difficult and rare.

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— Nisargadatta Maharaj

Do not undervalue attention. It means interest and also love. To know, to do, to discover, or to create you must give your heart to it – which means attention. All the blessings flow from it.

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— Nisargadatta Maharaj

He who is beyond time – is the un-nameable. A glowing ember moved round and round quickly enough appears as a glowing circle. When the movement ceases, the ember remains. Similarly, the ‘I am’ in movement creates the world. The ‘I am’ at peace becomes the Absolute.

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— Nisargadatta Maharaj

’I am’ itself is God. The seeking itself is God. In seeking you discover that you are neither the body nor the mind, and the love of the self in you is for the self in all. The two are one. The consciousness in you and the consciousness in me, apparently two, really one, seek unity and that is love.

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— Nisargadatta Maharaj

This must be well grasped; the world hangs on the thread of consciousness, no consciousness, no world.

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— Nisargadatta Maharaj

Be fully aware of your own being and you will be in bliss consciously. Because you take your mind off yourself and make it dwell on what you are not, you lose your sense of well-being. True happiness is spontaneous and effortless.

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— Nisargadatta Maharaj

Do not bother about anything you want, or think, or do, just stay put in the thought and feeling, ‘I am’, focusing ‘I am’ firmly in your mind. All kinds of experience may come to you – remain unmoved in the knowledge that all perceivable is transient and only the ‘I am’ endures.

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— Nisargadatta Maharaj

Work on, and the universe will work with you. After all the very idea of doing the right thing comes to you from the unknown. Leave it to the unknown as far as the results go, just go through the necessary movements. You are merely one of the links in the long chain of causation. Fundamentally, all happens in the mind only. When you work for something whole-heartedly and steadily, it happens, for it is the function of the mind to make things happen.

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— Nisargadatta Maharaj

Bodies are born and bodies die, but what is it to me? Bodies come and bodies go in consciousness and consciousness itself has its roots in me. I am life and mine are mind and body.

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— Nisargadatta Maharaj

That which sees all this, and the nothing too, is the inner teacher. He alone is, all else appears to be. He is your own self (swarupa), your hope and assurance of freedom, find him and cling to him and you will be saved and safe.

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— Nisargadatta Maharaj

Have your being outside this body of birth and death and all your problems will be solved. They exist because you believe yourself born to die. Undeceive yourself and be free. You are not a person.

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— Nisargadatta Maharaj

What do you mean by study? That means you are only trying to remember the concepts. What I am saying is that you become concept-free. Put an ax to the concepts, including the concept ‘I am’.

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— Nisargadatta Maharaj

If you have regard for me remember my words. The knowledge ‘I am’ is the greatest God, the Guru, be one with that, be intimate with it. That itself will bless you with all the knowledge relevant for you in the proliferation of that knowledge, it will lead you to the state which is eternal.

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— Nisargadatta Maharaj

There is no separate God to propitiate and get things done according to our will. Without doing anything you have the knowledge ‘I am’. Immense courage, heroism and conviction that ‘you are’ – that is ‘Ishwara, that is you. I am giving you instructions regarding your ‘beginningless being’ but you prefer to be that monkey form. You are not prepared to leave that form.

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— Nisargadatta Maharaj

God is only an idea in your mind. The fact is you. The only thing you know for sure is: ‘here and now I am.’ Remove the ’here and now’ the ‘I am’ remains, unassailable… All I can say truly is: ‘I am,’ all else is inference… The sense ‘I am’ is the manifestation of a deeper cause, which you may call self, God, Reality or by any other name.

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— Nisargadatta Maharaj

All you need is already within you, only you must approach your self with reverence and love. Self-condemnation and self-disgust are grievous errors. Your constant flight from pain and search for pleasure is a sign of love you bear for your self, all I plead with you is this: make love of your self perfect. Deny your self nothing–give yourself infinity and eternity and discover that you do not need them; you are beyond.

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— Nisargadatta Maharaj

Was it not the sense of ‘I am’ that came first? Some seed consciousness must be existing even during sleep, or swoon. On waking up the experience runs: ‘I am-the body- in the world’. It may appear to arise in succession but in fact it is all simultaneous, a single idea of having a body in a world. Can there be the sense of ‘I am’ without being somebody or other?

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— Nisargadatta Maharaj

Go deep into the sense of ‘I am’ and you will find. How do you find a thing you have mislaid or forgotten? You keep it in your mind until you recall it. The sense of being, of ‘I am’ is the first to emerge. Ask yourself whence it comes or just watch it quietly. When the mind stays in the ‘I am’, without moving, you enter a state, which cannot be verbalized, but which can be experienced. All you need to do is to try and try again. After all the sense of ‘I am’ is always with you, only you have attached all kinds of things to it- body, feelings, thoughts, ideas, possessions and so on. All these self-identifications are misleading, because of these you take yourself to be what you are not.

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— Nisargadatta Maharaj

As you watch your mind, you discover your self as the watcher. When you stand motionless, only watching, you discover your self as the light behind the watcher. The source of light is dark, unknown is the source of knowledge. That source alone is. Go back to that source and abide there.

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— Nisargadatta Maharaj

The primary purpose of meditation is to become conscious of, and familiar with, our inner life. The ultimate purpose is to reach the source of life and consciousness.

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— Nisargadatta Maharaj

A spark of truth can burn up a mountain of lies.

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— Nisargadatta Maharaj

The mind creates the abyss, the heart crosses it.

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— Nisargadatta Maharaj

Those who know only scriptures know nothing. To know is to be.

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— Nisargadatta Maharaj

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